云南不同花魔芋品种性状相关分析

对云南不同生态区域种植的魔花15、楚雄花魔芋2号、丽江花白魔芋、会泽花魔芋、大关花魔芋和富源花魔芋(CK)6个云南花魔芋地方品种的主要性状进行了相关性和聚类分析。分析结果表明,花魔芋种芋大小、干物质含量、球茎高等对球茎质量影响较大;干物质含量、球茎直径、球茎高等与葡甘露聚糖含量呈显著性相关;球茎质量、葡甘露聚糖、球茎直径等与干物质含量呈显著相关。云南花魔芋品种可聚为3个类群,富源花魔芋、会泽花魔芋、大关花魔芋和魔花15分布在第1个类群里,丽江花白魔芋、楚雄花魔芋2号分别聚成另外2个类群。     

不同钾水平下花魔芋差异表达基因分析

为了探索魔芋对不同水平钾素营养的反应机制,提取施用低、中、高水平硫酸钾5d后的富源花魔芋叶片总RNA,合成了c DNA,采用优化的c DNA-SRAP技术体系分析了在低钾、中钾、高钾水平下富源花魔芋叶片的差异表达基因,并对其进行了生物信息学分析。结果显示:29对引物组合共扩增出507条基因片段,其中差异片段126条。相对于中钾处理,低钾、高钾处理的差异片段包括抑制型表达片段19条,诱导型表达片段14条,上调表达型片段29条,下调表达型片段64条。选取表达量高的13条差异片段进行回收测序,并在NCBI上进行BLAST比对,共比对出9条差异片段的同源序列,其中4条与已知功能基因(谷氨酰胺酰-t RNA合成酶、β-ATP合成酶、GTP结合蛋白、核苷酸还原酶)有较高同源性,5条与假定基因或预测基因同源性较高,剩余序列未找到同源序列,可能是一些新的魔芋与钾营养吸收利用相关的基因,具体功能还有待于进一步研究。     

Chemical cotton stalk destruction for maintenance of host-free periods for the control of overwintering boll weevil in tropical and subtropical climates

In the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas, cotton regrows and produces fruit from undestroyed stalks throughout the winter, and in spring weevils from such locations become a serious threat. The success of the boll weevil eradication program, which was reintroduced in the LRGV in 2005, will be dependent on thorough stalk destruction following harvest. However, adverse weather conditions and conservation tillage often impede immediate and complete stalk destruction using typical tool implements, and alternative stalk control methods are needed. This study provides an examination of the efficacy for cotton stalk destruction of different herbicides (thifensulfuron-methyl + tribenuron-methyl, dicamba-diolamine, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, flumioxazin, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium and carfentrazone-ethyl) and their rates, spray volumes and application timings on shredded or standing cotton stalks after stripper or picker harvest. None of the tested herbicides, except 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, stopped post-harvest cotton regrowth and fruiting. 2,4-D-dimethylammonium sprayed once (0 or 7 days) after cotton was harvested at 1 lb AE acre(-1) (1.12 kg ha(-1)), in a spray volume of 10 gal water acre(-1) (93.5 L ha(-1)) with 5 mL L(-1) surfactant, was highly effective in stalk destruction (72-90%). The best results were achieved when the herbicide was applied immediately after the cotton was shredded, followed by standing stripper-harvested and standing picker-harvested cotton. 2,4-D-dimethylammonium applied twice, 0 and 14 (or 21) days after cotton harvest, was 100% effective in killing stalks, regardless of whether they were shredded or standing, or whether harvest was by stripper or picker. These findings showed that 2,4-D-dimethylammonium cotton stalk destruction eliminated food and reproductive opportunities for managing overwintering boll weevils [Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)].     

江西红麻全杆造纸的优势与发展

用红麻造的纸据国内外试验试产结果，同木料制浆的纸相媲美，具有光泽耐撕、不变色、耐贮存。加工时比木、竹节能低，它可制练出高白度红麻浆制成各种新闻纸、书刊纸、证券纸、印钞纸、卷烟纸及打字纸和包装牛皮纸等。红麻适应性广，对土壤选择不严。从我省土地、气象、自然条件看，完全适合种植红麻，可充分利用全杆，比单纯提供韧皮纤维产值高，我省主产麻区的金溪、永丰、余江、上高等地均有种植红麻习惯，栽培历史悠久，利用这些资源优势，有效地调整农业结构，扩大造纸材料，替代木浆进口，节省外汇和缓解以毛竹、木材制浆原料的不足，是可行的。     

Ocular anomalies and holoprosencephaly in a lamb

The brain and eyes from a 1-day-old, male mixed-breed lamb with bilateral microphthalmia were examined. Bilateral ventral colobomata of choroid, sclera, retina and optic nerve were accompanied by agenesis of the optic nerve, and dilated lateral and third ventricular cavities that communicated with the subarachnoid space. Abundant neuroretinal tissue extending through the colobomatous defect to retro-orbital connective tissue, the meningeal surface and ventricular system were identified by histologic examination. Positive immunolabeling of these structures for recoverin (a photoreceptor marker) established the retinal origin of ectopic structures. The optic nerve was replaced by a short fibrous stalk containing glial nests. Sections of brainstem revealed extensive architectural disorganization. A developmental abnormality resulting from defective optic nerve and retina compartmentalization, accompanied by abnormalities of midline development consistent with the holoprosencephaly syndrome, was diagnosed. These lesions are consistent with signaling defects in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Genetic and toxic causes of sonic hedgehog signaling defects are discussed.     

转基因番茄F2代的贮藏特性研究

以F1′、F2、F3、NR四个转基因番茄基因型为实验材料,研究了转反义乙烯基因F2代番茄果实的贮藏特性,据此对转基因番茄各基因型的贮藏特性作综合分析评价。结果表明,F3基因型果实的失重率、腐烂率最低,果柄拉力最大,外观形态最好,贮藏特性最好;其次是F1′和NR基因型;而F2基因型最差。     

肉牛对不同物理性状的玉米秸饲料利用效果的研究

为研究肉牛对不同玉米秸杆产品的利用情况,选18月龄西门塔尔牛与当地黄牛的F136头,分别用铡碎、揉碎、揉碎压捆、制粒、压块和挤压成棒状的六种玉米秸秆饲料进行了肉牛饲养试验和消化试验.结果秸秆采食量以后三种加工处理的秸秆为最高,铡碎为最低,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中;日粮表现消化率以秸秆颗粒型日粮最低,其他几种秸秆型日粮差异不大;肉牛增重以应用秸秆饲料块和秸秆饲料棒的肉牛增重效果最好,铡碎秸秆最差,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中.除铡碎型外,其他几种玉米秸杆饲料用于育肥牛均可取得较好的增重效果.     

魔芋新品种———清江花魔芋

 ‘清江花魔芋’是恩施州魔芋研究中心从武陵山区地方魔芋种质资源中通过系统选择育成, 产量324115 kg/ hm² , 干魔芋含葡甘露聚糖5114 % , 鲜魔芋含干物质1714 % , 全生育期125 d 左右, 较抗白绢病和抗软腐病, 比目前主栽品种增产10212 % , 成为了恩施州及武陵山区魔芋产业发展的主导品种。     

玉米青枯病病原腐霉对其伴生镰刀菌的影响

 本试验以玉米青枯病病原肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum Malthews)与禾生腐霉(Pythium gramlnicola Subram)为材料,着重研究了两种腐霉的生长与代谢对其伴生病原禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)的影响,结果表明:1.腐霉的定殖生长能力弱于禾谷镰刀菌。在腐霉菌落上,禾谷镰刀菌仍可生长,而在禾谷镰刀菌菌落上,腐霉则不能生长。2.在伴生条件下,腐霉被镰刀菌覆盖的时间长短随接种间隔而有变化,接种间隔愈短,则覆盖愈快。3.两种腐霉的培养滤液均对禾谷镰刀菌的孢子萌发与芽管伸长及菌落扩展有明显的促进作用,表明滤液中含有对镰刀菌生长有利的活性成分。4.腐霉培养滤液对禾谷镰刀菌红色色素的产生有一定的抑制作用,其原因可能与腐霉的嗜糖性有关。5.田间结果表明,腐镰复合接种的发病率接近禾谷镰刀菌单菌接种,但低于腐霉单菌接种。     

寄生玉米的6种腐霉及其致病性研究

 从国内12省、自治区、直辖市玉米植株上分离出腐霉菌菌株,依据形态特征、培养性状、生长抑制温度,以及产生的有性与无性器官,鉴别出6个腐霉种:棘腐霉(Pythium acanthicum Drechsler),瓜果腐霉(P.aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick),强雄腐霉(P. arrhenomanes Drechsler),禾生腐霉(P.graminicola Subramaniam),肿囊腐霉(P.inflatum Matthews),寡雄腐霉(P.oligandrum Drechsler),其中肿囊腐霉出现频率高,分布广泛。回接玉米表明,腐霉能够侵染玉米并引起病害,肿囊腐霉、禾生腐霉、强雄腐霉、棘腐霉是玉米青枯病的重要致病菌;瓜果腐霉能够引起玉米中部茎节腐烂;寡雄腐霉虽寄生玉米,但对玉米成株无致病力。